Abaqus
can solve the following types of heat transfer problems:
- Uncoupled heat transfer
analysis
-
Heat transfer problems involving conduction, forced convection, and boundary
radiation can be analyzed in
Abaqus/Standard.
See
Uncoupled heat transfer analysis.
In these analyses the temperature field is calculated without knowledge of the
stress/deformation state or the electrical field in the bodies being studied.
Pure heat transfer problems can be transient or steady-state and linear or
nonlinear.
- Sequentially
coupled thermal-stress analysis
-
If the stress/displacement solution is dependent on a temperature field but
there is no inverse dependency, a sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis
can be conducted in
Abaqus/Standard.
Sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis is performed by first solving the
pure heat transfer problem, then reading the temperature solution into a stress
analysis as a predefined field. See
Sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis.
In the stress analysis the temperature can vary with time and position but is
not changed by the stress analysis solution.
Abaqus
allows for dissimilar meshes between the heat transfer analysis model and the
thermal-stress analysis model. Temperature values will be interpolated based on
element interpolators evaluated at nodes of the thermal-stress model.
- Fully coupled
thermal-stress analysis
-
A coupled temperature-displacement procedure is used to solve simultaneously
for the stress/displacement and the temperature fields. A coupled analysis is
used when the thermal and mechanical solutions affect each other strongly. For
example, in rapid metalworking problems the inelastic deformation of the
material causes heating, and in contact problems the heat conducted across gaps
may depend strongly on the gap clearance or pressure.
Both
Abaqus/Standard
and
Abaqus/Explicit
provide coupled temperature-displacement analysis procedures, but the
algorithms used by each program differ considerably. In
Abaqus/Standard
the heat transfer equations are integrated using a backward-difference scheme,
and the coupled system is solved using Newton's method. These problems can be
transient or steady-state and linear or nonlinear. In
Abaqus/Explicit
the heat transfer equations are integrated using an explicit forward-difference
time integration rule, and the mechanical solution response is obtained using
an explicit central-difference integration rule. Fully coupled thermal-stress
analysis in
Abaqus/Explicit
is always transient. Cavity radiation effects cannot be included in a fully
coupled thermal-stress analysis. See
Fully coupled thermal-stress analysis
for more details.
- Fully coupled
thermal-electrical-structural analysis
-
A coupled thermal-electrical-structural procedure is used to solve
simultaneously for the stress/displacement, the electrical potential, and the
temperature fields. A coupled analysis is used when the thermal, electrical,
and mechanical solutions affect each other strongly. An example of such a
process is resistance spot welding, where two or more metal parts are joined by
fusion at discrete points at the material interface. The fusion is caused by
heat generated due to the current flow at the contact points, which depends on
the pressure applied at these points.
These problems can be transient or steady-state and linear or nonlinear.
Cavity radiation effects cannot be included in a fully coupled
thermal-electrical-structural analysis. This procedure is available only in
Abaqus/Standard.
See
Fully coupled thermal-electrical-structural analysis
for more details.
- Adiabatic
analysis
-
An adiabatic mechanical analysis can be used in cases where mechanical
deformation causes heating, but the event is so rapid that this heat has no
time to diffuse through the material. Adiabatic analysis can be performed in
Abaqus/Standard
or
Abaqus/Explicit;
see
Adiabatic analysis.
An adiabatic analysis can be static or dynamic and linear or nonlinear.
- Coupled
thermal-electrical analysis
-
A fully coupled thermal-electrical analysis capability is provided in
Abaqus/Standard for
problems where heat is generated due to the flow of electrical current through
a conductor. See
Coupled thermal-electrical analysis.
- Cavity
radiation
-
In
Abaqus/Standard
cavity radiation effects can be included (in addition to prescribed boundary
radiation) in uncoupled heat transfer problems. See
Cavity Radiation in Abaqus/Standard.
The cavities can be open or closed. Symmetries and blocking within cavities can
be modeled. view factors are calculated automatically, and motion of objects
bounding a cavity can be prescribed during the analysis. Cavity radiation
problems are nonlinear and can be transient or steady-state.